La presencia de polímeros en mamíferos marinos: los microplásticos recurrentes y sus características.
Palabras clave:
microplásticos, mamíferos marinos, tracto gastrointestinal, heces, fibras.Resumen
La presencia de plásticos en el ambiente acuático propicia que la fauna adquiera estos materiales de forma directa o indirecta a través de los alimentos, principalmente. Los mamíferos marinos no son la excepción y pese a su gran tamaño, llegan incluso a mostrar capacidad de adquirir microplásticos. Este estudio busca definir que tipo de plásticos o polímeros están presentes en los mamíferos y que distribución tienen en función de sus propiedades físicas, como color y morfología, concentración presente en los casos reportados, así como los tipos de polímeros más comúnmente encontrados y reportados en los últimos cuatro años. Se observo que, compuestos como polipropileno, polietileno tereftalato y polietileno están presentes en la mayoría de los mamíferos marinos. Los colores dominantes de las piezas llegan a ser negro, azul, transparente, verde, gris, entre otros. Con base en la morfología dominan las fibras y fragmentos mientras que los tamaños de éstos cuando se han reportado van de entre 100-20,000 μm para fibras y de 44-40,000 μm para fragmentos, respectivamente.
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